Projektiomikrostereolitografialaitteisto

Stereolithography (SL) is one of the most successful additive manufacturing technologies. In SL a three-dimensional object is fabricated directly from a CAD model. The product is manufactured layer-by-layer by curing liquid resin. These layers, which are built on one another, form the product. In projection stereolithography (PSL) the laser light source and scanner system commonly used in SL, are replaced with a digital micromirror device (DMD) or a liquid crystal display (LCD). Thus, each layer is cured at once in one exposure according to the pattern on the DMD or LCD. Projection microstereolithography (PµSL) operates on the same principle as PSL, but the fabrication resolution is significantly higher. In this study, a PµSL setup with a DMD chip is constructed and a computer code is written to control the entire manufacturing process.Stereolitografia on menestyksekkäimpiä materiaalia lisääviä valmistusteknologioita. Stereolitografiassa kolmiulotteinen kappale tehdään suoraan CAD-mallista. Tuote valmistetaan kovettamalla nestemäistä resiiniä kerroksittain. Nämä päällekkäin kootut kerrokset muodostavat kappaleen. Projektiostereolitografiassa (PSL) laservalonlähde ja skanneri on korvattu DMD-sirulla (Digital Micromirror Device) tai nestekidenäytöllä (LCD), jolloin jokainen kerros kovettuu DMD:ssä tai LCD:ssä olevan kuvion mukaisesti kertavalotuksella. Projektiomikrostereolitografia (PµSL) toimii samalla periaatteella kuin PSL, mutta kappale valmistetaan huomattavasti paremmalla tarkkuudella. Tässä työssä rakennetaan DMD:tä käyttävä PµSL-laitteisto ja kirjoitetaan tietokoneohjelma valmistusprosessin hallintaa varten

Efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with and without prednisolone for first acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing episode

Background Acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing is common in young children and may respond to systemic corticosteroid. There are no trials on the efficacy of inhaled beta(2)-agonist in this clinical scenario. Objective To study post hoc the short-term (up to 2 months) efficacy of inhaled beta(2)-agonist with and without oral corticosteroid in the first acute rhinovirus-induced severe wheezing episode in young hospitalized children. Methods The study population came from two randomized controlled trials comparing oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d for 3 days) to placebo: Vinku (n = 35, NCT00494624) used high-dose regular nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg 2-4 h intervals) and Vinku2 (n = 60, NCT00731575, EudraCT 2006-007100-42) used inhaled salbutamol on-demand. Both studies used identical detailed follow-up assessments. The primary outcome of the former was the duration of hospitalization and of the latter the occurrence of and the time to a new physician-confirmed wheezing episode within 2 months after discharge. Treatment groups included salbutamol high-dose vs. salbutamol on-demand while adjusting for prednisolone status and acknowledging for interactions with exception of the duration of hospitalization in which prednisolone groups could not be fully used due to protocol differences. Results Median age of subjects was 13 months, 32% were sensitized and 22% had doctor-diagnosed eczema. In the duration of hospitalization, salbutamol high-dose/placebo versus salbutamol on-demand/placebo groups did not differ (p = .12). In the occurrence of and time to relapse within 2 months, a significant group x treatment interaction was observed (both p = .02), such that high-dose group had less and longer time to relapses than on-demand group in prednisolone arm (both p .26). Conclusions In young, hospitalized children with first episode of rhinovirus-induced wheezing, high-dose inhaled salbutamol may interact with oral prednisolone. However, further trials are warranted.Peer reviewe

Efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with and without prednisolone for first acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing episode

BackgroundAcute rhinovirus-induced wheezing is common in young children and may respond to systemic corticosteroid. There are no trials on the efficacy of inhaled beta2-agonist in this clinical scenario.ObjectiveTo study post hoc the short-term (up to 2 months) efficacy of inhaled beta2-agonist with and without oral corticosteroid in the first acute rhinovirus-induced severe wheezing episode in young hospitalized children.MethodsThe study population came from two randomized controlled trials comparing oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d for 3 days) to placebo: Vinku (n = 35, NCT00494624) used high-dose regular nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg 2–4 h intervals) and Vinku2 (n = 60, NCT00731575, EudraCT 2006-007100-42) used inhaled salbutamol on-demand. Both studies used identical detailed follow-up assessments. The primary outcome of the former was the duration of hospitalization and of the latter the occurrence of and the time to a new physician-confirmed wheezing episode within 2 months after discharge. Treatment groups included salbutamol high-dose vs. salbutamol on-demand while adjusting for prednisolone status and acknowledging for interactions with exception of the duration of hospitalization in which prednisolone groups could not be fully used due to protocol differences.ResultsMedian age of subjects was 13 months, 32% were sensitized and 22% had doctor-diagnosed eczema. In the duration of hospitalization, salbutamol high-dose/placebo versus salbutamol on-demand/placebo groups did not differ (p = .12). In the occurrence of and time to relapse within 2 months, a significant group × treatment interaction was observed (both p = .02), such that high-dose group had less and longer time to relapses than on-demand group in prednisolone arm (both p p > .26).ConclusionsIn young, hospitalized children with first episode of rhinovirus-induced wheezing, high-dose inhaled salbutamol may interact with oral prednisolone. However, further trials are warranted.</p

Total elbow arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based study from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register

Background and purpose Although total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is a recognized procedure for the treatment of the painful arthritic elbow, the choice of implant is still obscure. We evaluated the survival of different TEA designs and factors associated with survival using data from a nationwide arthroplasty register

Troponin T-release associates with cardiac radiation doses during adjuvant left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy

Background Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for left-sided breast cancer increases cardiac morbidity and mortality. For the heart, no safe radiation threshold has been established. Troponin T is a sensitive marker of myocardial damage. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of left-sided breast cancer RT on serum high sensitivity troponin T (hscTnT) levels and its association with cardiac radiation doses and echocardiographic parameters. Methods A total of 58 patients with an early stage, left-sided breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who received adjuvant breast RT without prior chemotherapy were included in this prospective, non-randomized study. Serum samples were taken before, during and after RT. An increase of hscTnT >30 % was predefined as significant. A comprehensive 2D echocardiograph and electrocardiogram (ECG) were performed before and after RT. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated for different cardiac structures. Results The hscTnT increased during RT from baseline in 12/58 patients (21 %). Patients with increased hscTnT values (group A, N = 12) had significantly higher radiation doses for the whole heart (p = 0.02) and left ventricle (p = 0.03) than patients without hscTnT increase (group B, N = 46). For the left anterior descending artery (LAD), differences between groups A and B were found in volumes receiving 15 Gy (p = 0.03) and 20 Gy (p = 0.03) Furthermore, after RT, the interventricular septum thickened (p = 0.01), and the deceleration time was prolonged (p = 0.008) more in group A than in group B. Conclusions The increase in hscTnT level during adjuvant RT was positively associated with the cardiac radiation doses for the whole heart and LV in chemotherapy-naive breast cancer patients. Whether these acute subclinical changes increase the risk of excessive long-term cardiovascular morbidity or mortality, will be addressed in the follow-up of our patients.BioMed Central open acces